In this paper, buckling analysis of Functionally graded rectangular Nano-plates considering the surface effect is investigated. Also, to define the material properties the Mori-Tanaka scheme is used which according to this scheme the material properties change continuously along the thickness direction. Displacement field is obtained using modified shear deformation theories. In these theories, against classical plate theory, the effects of rotary inertia and transverse shear deformations are considered and various functions such as exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic and parabolic functions are used to considering these effects along the thickness direction. To considering nonlocal and surface effects the nonlocal elasticity theory and surface elasticity theory are employed respectively. The governing equations of motion are obtained by Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin method is used to solve these equations. To show the accuracy of the present formulations, the presented results in this thesis are compared with those reported in the literature. Finally, the effects of various parameters which is related to the surface parameters such as residual surface stress, surface elasticity constant and also other parameters such as thickness ratio, aspect ratio, material index and nonlocal parameter of Functionally graded Nano-plate are investigated.

In the present study the free vibration analysis of Functionally graded composite rectangular nanoplates in thermal environment is investigated. The nonlocal elasticity theory based on the exponential shear deformation theory has been used to obtain the natural frequencies of the nanoplate. In exponential shear deformation theory an exponential functions are used in terms of thickness coordinate to include the effect of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. Nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to investigate effect of small scale on natural frequency of the Functionally graded rectangular nanoplate. The temperature is assumed to be constant in the plane of the plate and to vary in the thickness direction only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and vary continuously through the thickness according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of the constituents. The govering equations are derived by implementing Hamilton’s principle. To show the accuracy of the formulations, present result’s inspecific cases are compared with available results in literature and good agreement are seen. Finally, the effect of various parameters such as nonlocal parameter, power law indexes, width to length ratio, the thickness to length ratio, and temperature fields on the natural frequencies of rectangular FG nanoplates are presented and discussed in detail.

The bamboo structure can be generally viewed as a Functionally graded composite material constituted by long and aligned cellulose fibres embedded in a lignin matrix. Analysing the transversal section of a bamboo culm, one can observe that the fibre distribution is variable through its thickness. The non-uniform distribution of fibres prevents the direct application of equations used to model the behaviour of composite materials, as the rule of mixtures equations for strength and modulus of elasticity. These equations assume, besides the perfect bonding between fibre and matrix, uniform distribution of the fibres in the matrix. In bamboo, the fibre distribution follows an organized pattern with a higher concentration of fibres on the outer surface of the culm. Establishing how this variation occurs, the basic equations from the composite materials approach can be modified in order to model the mechanical behaviour of bamboo. This paper presents the meso-structure analyses of bamboo culms through Digital Image Analysis. The variation of the volume fraction of the cellulose fibres across the transversal section of the bamboo is established. The developed methodology is successfully applied to study the volume fraction variation of fibres in two different samples of bamboo species Phyllostachys heterocycla pubenscens, commonly know as "Moso".      

In this article, thermal stability of beams made of Functionally graded material (FGM) is considered. The derivations of equations are based on the one-dimensional theory of elasticity. The material properties vary continuously through the thickness direction. Tanigawa's model for the variation of Poisson's ratio, the modulus of shear stress, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is considered. The equilibrium and stability equations for the Functionally graded beam under thermal loading are derived using the variational and force summation methods. A beam containing six different types of boundary conditions is considered and closed form solutions for the critical normalized thermal buckling loads related to the uniform temperature rise and axial temperature difference are obtained. The results are reduced to the buckling formula of beams made of pure isotropic materials….

Perforated discs have many applications in different parts of industry. By making such disks of Functionally graded materials, more capabilities can be obtained from them. Vibration analysis of these kinds of disks can help us make them more efficient. In this paper, modeling and evaluation of disk vibration of Functionally graded materials with regard to thickness were carried out using Abaqus software. Since no certain element has been defined regarding Functionally graded materials for the design and analysis of a particular element in Abaqus software, molding of such materials has been used in this application. In order to verify the results, the results obtained from ABAQUS analysis have been compared with those available in the literature. The obtained results show that by defining more layers with regard to changes in properties, the obtained results approach the exact solutions.